4/20/2023 0 Comments Coq 10 statinsCurrently, most clinical centers measure CoQ 10 levels in cultured skin fibroblasts, muscle biopsies, and blood mononuclear cells. Assessment Īlthough CoQ 10 may be measured in blood plasma, these measurements reflect dietary intake rather than tissue status. The observed safe level (OSL) risk assessment method indicated that the evidence of safety is strong at intakes up to 1200 mg/day, and this level is identified as the OSL. Some adverse effects, largely gastrointestinal, are reported with very high intakes. Some of these, such as mutations in COQ6, can lead to serious diseases such as steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with sensorineural deafness. CoQ 10 levels also may be affected by other genetic defects (such as mutations of mitochondrial DNA, ETFDH, APTX, FXN, and BRAF, genes that are not directly related to the CoQ 10 biosynthetic process). Biosynthesis requires at least 12 genes, and mutations in many of them cause CoQ deficiency. Biosynthesis is the major source of CoQ 10. There are two major pathways of deficiency of CoQ 10 in humans: reduced biosynthesis, and increased use by the body. The capacity of this molecule to act as a two-electron carrier (moving between the quinone and quinol form) and a one-electron carrier (moving between the semiquinone and one of these other forms) is central to its role in the electron transport chain due to the iron–sulfur clusters that can only accept one electron at a time, and as a free-radical–scavenging antioxidant. There are three redox states of CoQ: fully oxidized ( ubiquinone), semiquinone ( ubisemiquinone), and fully reduced ( ubiquinol). Organs with the highest energy requirements-such as the heart, liver, and kidney-have the highest CoQ 10 concentrations. Ninety-five percent of the human body's energy is generated this way. It is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration, which generates energy in the form of ATP. This family of fat-soluble substances, which resemble vitamins, is present in all respiring eukaryotic cells, primarily in the mitochondria. In natural ubiquinones, the number can be anywhere from 6 to 10. It is a 1,4-benzoquinone, where Q refers to the quinone chemical group and 10 refers to the number of isoprenyl chemical subunits in its tail. In humans, the most common form is coenzyme Q 10 or ubiquinone-10. Coenzyme Q, also known as ubiquinone and marketed as CoQ10 ( / ˌ k oʊ k j uː ˈ t ɛ n/), is a coenzyme family that is ubiquitous in animals and most bacteria (hence the name ubiquinone).
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |